History of ELL and Bilingual Trasition Education Essay

History of ELL and Bilingual Trasition Education - Essay Example However, this is not the same case for the students who are â€Å"English Learners† and they need to receive their education via a sheltered English immersion curriculum during the critical transition period. These programs provide all the necessary classroom materials and instructions in English, but also encompass the application of the pupil’s indigenous language when requirement comes. The transition period lasts for approximately a period of one year, but it does not go beyond this threshold. After the child acquires a good and working knowledge in English, the administration moves the student to the regular class to continue with the rest of the gang. This allows guardians or parents to have the ability to apply for waivers from involvement in English immersion classes if their children already have a deep sense of English, or if they have special needs. This adversely affects the way that teaching occurs in the classroom. Teachers are well aware of the challenges they have to put up with and this means that they need to improve on how they deal with their students. The teachers modify their syllabuses to cater for these children as it is important to note that children have different needs and the role of the teacher is to treat each child respectfully and mold the best for them to attain their full potential (Olivia & Bernard, 2012, p. 377). The Flores Consent Decree A consent decree is a stipulated judgment that plays the role of memorializing a charitable agreement between concerned parties to a filed case in revalidation for withdrawal of a criminal charge or in other words to end a public litigation. In the classic consent decree, the defendant agrees to the case or has already ceased the conduct suspected by the plaintiff to be illegal and also consents to a court injunction that bars a repeat conduct in the future. The Flores Consent Decree argued that the programs initiated by the government did not receive sufficient funding to car ry out their roles and the Department of Education failed immensely in ensuring that schools provided necessary and adequate programs. The five main provisions for the decree included the quality of programs, standards for English proficiency, compensatory instruction, IEPs, and monitoring exited students. These were the crucial areas the decree decided to focus much of its attention. The provisions necessary for the implementation of the decree included uniform standards vital to determining English expertise, comparable curriculums for English students, compensatory instructions for students who do not show any signs of progress and regular supervision by the ADE. In a nut shell, the Flores declaration involved mandates that referred to the identification, evaluation, reassessment, instructive services and program observation for English Language Learners educational programs in schools. However is imperative to highlight the fact that once the parties enter the agreement, it is a lmost impossible to review the terms and conditions except in cases where they establish one of the parties obtained the decree by fraud (Ariz, 2005, p.77). Excerpts from Lau v. Nichol Lau v. Nichols (414 U.S. 563 of 1974) was a civil liberties case

Leadership and Innovation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Leadership and Innovation - Assignment Example This in turn is supposed to improve the organization's operational flexibility and thus the ability to deal with change. For the study of leadership, the above mentioned changes have led to the widespread adoption of empowerment strategies. Such an adoption is understandable: if one flattens an organization's structure, there is little choice but to empower the organisations lower-level workers with broader decision-making responsibilities. As a result, the traditional "limits to power" once designated by boundaries of hierarchy and rational authority are blurring (Gordon 2002). This paper deals with the questions of leadership and its intrinsic relation with organisational change and innovation within the framework of a case study - the experience of WL Gore & Associates, Inc. The paper consists of three major parts, related respectively to leadership, change and innovation, each chapter discussing both theoretical concepts and their practical implementation at Gore & Associates. The New Leadership paradigm incorporated three main categories of theory - transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and culture-based leadership. ... Such an adoption is understandable: if one flattens an organization's structure, there is little choice but to empower the organisations lower-level workers with broader decision-making responsibilities. As a result, the traditional "limits to power" once designated by boundaries of hierarchy and rational authority are blurring (Gordon 2002). This paper deals with the questions of leadership and its intrinsic relation with organisational change and innovation within the framework of a case study - the experience of WL Gore & Associates, Inc. The paper consists of three major parts, related respectively to leadership, change and innovation, each chapter discussing both theoretical concepts and their practical implementation at Gore & Associates. Leadership in WL Gore & Associates, Inc. Transactional and transformational leadership The New Leadership paradigm incorporated three main categories of theory - transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and culture-based leadership. The transactional leadership theorists, including those theorists who explored the concept of leadership through the eyes of followers, explained leadership as contingent on a condition of transaction or exchange between leaders and followers. Alternatively, transformational leadership theory argues that "good" leadership is achieved through more than just tangible inducements. It suggested that leadership can be conceptually organized along a number of charismatic and situationally correlated dimensions: charismatic leadership, inspirational leadership, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. The culture-based theorists viewed leadership as being culturally specific, where "good" leadership, among other things, primarily depends on whether or not a

Five-Year Career Development Plan Research Proposal

Five-Year Career Development Plan - Research Proposal Example I will know more as I investigate this opportunity. I intend to find a specific career and then look into what I need to do to augment the skills I have learned in my business classes. I know that I will need to go to a Chamber of Commerce or a specific program that can give me information on small business development. I will need to develop the skills of an entrepreneur which means I will need to work well on my own and be motivated to do the work that I love to do. Brown (2007) suggests that there are seven areas that an entrepreneur must have or must hire someone to do for them. These seven skills include: marketing and sales, customer service, human resources, accounting and finance, administration, worth the effort and operations and production. I have some skills in several of these areas and would hire out my needs in other areas. As an example, I would not do well with my own accounting and finance because I do not like numbers and my math is not strong. I would hire an accountant to help in this area. I will learn more abou t Internet marketing because I believe that this is the way that most businesses achieve greatness when they are small. I will investigate this area more and use social networking to further my marketing needs. Whether I have a product or a service I am certain that I can find the information I need about how to turn my business into a profit using the Internet. I have explored the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to find out information about my personality and how it relates to my skills. I found out that I am an Introverted Sensing Thinking Judger (INTJ). This means that I have several things in my current abilities that will work with my interests and beliefs. I am receiving my Bachelors Degree in business and I now I will need other training but I am not sure in what subjects yet. I have a high school diploma and I have attended a few other classes. Business has always interested me and to have my own business is

Retirement options for nurses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retirement options for nurses - Research Paper Example The nurses enjoy their career, and they love their respectable profession, but most of them look forward to hanging up their scrubs - they opt to retire earlier than usual due to the nature of their job. In most cases, they retire without any retirement plan, and as per the report of the Center for American Nurses, not more than 40 percent of the registered nurses have any retirement plan like 401 (k) offered by the employer or any other long term saving or investment plans (Blakeley & Ribeiro, 2008). It suggests that most of them retire without any financial security. The objective of this paper is to discuss the retirement options for nurses. Retirement Options Generally, nurses don’t look forward to the retirement options as much as their male counterparts from other professions, and the prime reason for this tendency is that nurses are females who hardly take any initiatives for investments. The second reason is that they have scientific background and have no interest for financial management since they are overworked and get so tired that they procrastinate any decision of financial planning or retirement management (Goldberg, 2002). Like other professionals, nurses should also plan their financial security and retirement just from the beginning of their career. They can take the services of financial consultants or retirement consultants for their planning. There are many options available for them. These options have both financial and social aspects and are necessary since they provide them physical or health protection in old age (Glasper, 2011). Financial aspects There are various options available for the nurses which can provide them financial security after retirement. a. Personal savings – They must save 10 to 20 percent of their monthly emoluments for their future b. Recurring Deposits – Recurring deposit of even a small amount becomes a huge sum after a long time, and it helps in old age. c. Pension Plans – Many fina ncial companies offer pension plans which can be availed by the nurses: depositing a small amount per month, they will get a corresponding return per month after they retire (Ho, 2006) d. 401 (k) - Nurses can avail retirement through employer 401 (k) programs e. Besides above mentioned plans, there are many others which can benefit them after retirement; such plans include Govt savings, such as RRSP, IRS, Roth IRA, simple IRA, etc. (Goldberg, 2002) Social aspects Nurses must not forget about the social aspects of their retirement plans. Since they have been committed to their profession, they might have not fulfilled their social commitments properly, and after retirements the society would have more expectations from them (Friis et al., 2007). a. Friends and family – Due to overwork and commitment to their nurses might not have given adequate time to their families and friends, and after retirement their expectations would be high - the nurses can meet them if they have plan ned their retirement properly (Friedrich et al., 2011) b. Community involvement through volunteering – They also need to plan their retirement adequately if they wish to be involved in community programs through volunteering (Dziadekwich, Andrushko & Klassen, 2012). c. Personal pursuits such as travel, continued education, etc. – Many nurses wish to continue their education after retirement, or go on a long vacation or tour, or prefer to visit places. These personal pursuits can only be achieved if their retirement is properly

Computational Biology The Serine Protease Active Site Essay - 1

Computational Biology The Serine Protease Active Site - Essay Example Chymotrypsin belongs to the trypsin family of serine proteases and is usually secreted in inactive form (zymogen) in the small intestine. The structure of chymotrypsin was elucidated via the X-ray crystallography.Below is the structure of chymotrypsinogen (see Error: Reference source not found) The active site is the catalytic unit of an enzyme. The determination of the three-dimensional structure of chymotrypsin by X-ray crystallography was the basis of greater insight into the mechanism of action of serine proteases. The Swiss-PDB Viewer software available at http://spdbv.vital-it.ch/disclaim.html was used to manipulate the coordinates of chymotrypsin and subtilisin serine proteases retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB available at www.rcsb.org). The catalytic site of most srine peptidaeses including chymotrypsin is composed of a catalytic traid of serine, histidine and aspartic acid residues. The ezyme the experimnt dealt with are are serine proteases and they have been known to exhibit similar spatial arrangements. However, the residues of the enzymes may adopt different order in the amino acid sequence. Catalytic triad is composed of Ser195 on one side and Asp102 and His57 on the other side inside the active site cleft. An extensive hydrogen bonding network exists in the triad for instance NÃŽ ´1-H of His57 and OÃŽ ´1 of Asp102 and also between OH of Ser195 and the NÃŽ µ2-H of His57. However in the event that His57 is protonated the latter bond is lost (Hedstrom, 2002). Figure 8: The positions of the backbone nitrogens are shown; the residues are Ser195 and Gly193 and the distances from these nitrogens to the peptide carbonyl oxygen. This brings the two residues closer for interactions to occur The catalytic triad in subtilisin contains residues 32, 64 and 221; the oxyanion hole comprises the side chain of Asn155 and the backbone NH of Ser 221; the mouth of the specificity

Scholarship on Dickens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scholarship on Dickens - Essay Example In those days, London was described as the doomed city with unsanitary living conditions and was a galore of diseases. â€Å"There were four epidemics of cholera within Dickens’s own lifetime and, beside these mortal visitations, there were periodic and regular outbreaks of typhus, typhoid fever, epidemic diarrhoea, dysentery, smallpox and a variety of ailments which were classified only as â€Å"fevers†.2† To improve the health condition of the people of London and other cities that were the main breeding ground for all diseases that would spread later to the rural areas of England, Dickens knew that sanitary conditions of the cities should improve. We see him attending many meetings to talk on behalf of sanitary improvement. Passionately arguing the case of sanitary reform in London on May 10th 1851, Charles Dickens said: â€Å"I can honestly declare that the use I have since that time made of my eyes and nose have only strengthened the conviction that certain sanitary reforms must precede all other social remedies, and that neither education nor religion can do anything useful until the way has been paved for their ministrations by cleanliness and decency.3† Sanitary work in London and other cities started only in his latter life. He was an influential social reformer of his time in many fields and being so very well-known, his views were respected. His characters of imagination provided him ample platform to argue the social reforms that he craved to see in the difficult times of Victorian England. His magazines and speeches on social injustice show him as one of the main propagandists of the time. He advocated the reforms without being specific about them. His desire was to see any kind of relief to the sufferers. For example; the Hard Times was based on a labour dispute in the weaving industry which was referred as â€Å"The Preston Lockout 1853-54†. According to George Bernard Shaw, ‘he was a revolutionary without knowing it4’. In a

Influence of the Relationship between Politics and Religion in Western Research Paper

Influence of the Relationship between Politics and Religion in Western Civilization Conflicts - Research Paper Example Muslims believe in the holy war and observe the pilgrimage to Mecca which Christians neither believe in nor practice. During the Medieval period, both Christianity and Islam promulgated their religious beliefs and practices in territories where the majority existed. Christianity employed the use of missionaries whereas Islam employed offensive practices such as conquests, political rule and returning crusaders in spreading their faith (Spielvogel 238-243). 3. The expansion of trade The expansion of trade during the High Middle Ages resulted from developments in voyages of exploration by Vikings, growth of states, contacts with the Muslim world and the arrival of the Portuguese. Vikings exchanged goods as they sailed along trade centers in search of profit. The existence of various environmental zones and agricultural practices influenced trade to flourish. These resulted to the evolution of settlement as well as prosperity that in turn contributed to urbanization and the growth of st ates. In addition, contacts with Muslim merchants in the Trans Saharan trade involved the trade in kola nuts, gold, ivory, and slaves. The arrival of the Portuguese opened an outlet for West African manufactured products such as cloths. The utilization of Arab script and Muslim officials in complex bureaucracies remained as the impact of the expansion of trade on medieval society (Spielvogel 252-254). 5. The decline of papacy The papacy of the Roman Catholic Church had reached the peak of its power with the doctrine of temporal universal authority over secular rulers and fullness of power. However, the claims of temporal supremacy kept losing ground due to the growth of European secular monarchs. This created conflicts between papacy and the territorial states it never conquered.